There were no statistically significant differences between the supplement and placebo groups at the 6 months follow-up in body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, body pains and general health. Sub-group analysis revealed that parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration decreased and Calcium/creatinine ratio increased significantly in the combined vitamin D and Calcium group compared to the vitamin D alone or Calcium alone in contrast to the increase seen in the placebo group. 25(OH)D levels marginally increased in the two groups received vitamin D3 alone or combined with calcium compared to the decline seen in those who received calcium supplement alone or a placebo. Of the 545 randomized, 277 subjects completed 6 months follow up. Primary outcomes were self-rated health and bone turnover markers. In a 2 × 2 factorial design double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Community free living adults living in the city of Al Ain, UAE were randomly assigned to receive daily 2000 IU oral vitamin D3 alone, 600 mg calcium alone, oral vitamin D3 (2000 IU per day) combined with 600 mg calcium, or a placebo for 6 months. We aimed to assess whether vitamin D3 and calcium, either alone or in combination, have health benefit. Although vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the Middle East, very few studies have attempted to measure its health impact.
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